Pet Insurance for Luxating Patella (Dislocating Kneecap)

What is Luxating Patella (Dislocating Kneecap)?

Luxating patella is a condition where the kneecap (patella) slides out of its normal groove in the femur, causing intermittent lameness and pain. It is one of the most common orthopedic conditions in small-breed dogs and is graded from 1 (mild, occasional luxation) to 4 (severe, permanent luxation). While Grade 1–2 cases may be managed conservatively, Grade 3–4 typically require surgical correction to prevent progressive joint damage and arthritis.

Symptoms

Diagnosis & Treatment

Diagnosis is made through physical examination — the veterinarian can manually luxate and reduce the patella and assign a grade (1–4). X-rays assess the degree of bone deformity, groove depth, and secondary arthritic changes. Advanced imaging (CT) may be used for surgical planning in complex cases.

Grade 1: monitoring and weight management. Grade 2: may benefit from surgery if causing frequent lameness. Grade 3–4: surgical correction is recommended. Surgical techniques include deepening the femoral groove (trochleoplasty), realigning the tibial crest (tibial tuberosity transposition), and tightening the joint capsule. Surgery costs $1,500–$5,000 per knee with a success rate of 90%+. Physical rehabilitation accelerates recovery.

Breeds at Risk

Insurance Coverage for Luxating Patella (Dislocating Kneecap)

Luxating patella is covered by most pet insurance carriers as a hereditary/orthopedic condition. Some carriers impose 6–12 month waiting periods for orthopedic conditions. Healthy Paws covers luxating patella surgery after the standard 15-day waiting period. Given that bilateral luxation is common (affecting both knees), unlimited coverage is important.

Prevention Tips

Luxating patella is primarily genetic and cannot be prevented. Choose breeders who screen for orthopedic conditions. Maintain a healthy weight to reduce stress on the knee joints. Provide good traction on floors (rugs on hardwood) to prevent slipping. Regular, moderate exercise strengthens the muscles that support the knee. Avoid breeding affected dogs.